Eugen Herrigel
Eugen Herrigel (20 March 1884 – 18 April 1955) was a German philosopher who taught philosophy at Tohoku Imperial University in Sendai, *an, from 1924 to 1929 and introduced Zen to large parts of Europe through his writings.
While living in *an from 1924 to 1929, he studied kyūdō, traditional *anese archery, under Awa Kenzō (阿波研造:1880-1939), a master of the art, in the hope of furthering his understanding of Zen. In July 1929 he returned to Germany and was given a chair in philosophy at the University of Erlangen. In a letter to Encounter Magazine Gershom Scholem writes that "Herrigel joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party Party after the outbreak of the war and some of his former friends in Frankfurt, who broke with him over this issue, told me about his career as a convinced National Socialist German Workers' Party, when I enquired about him in 1946. He was known to have stuck it out to the bitter end. This was not mentioned in some biographical notes on Herrigel published by his widow, who built up his image as one concerned with the higher spiritual sphere only." He also states in the same letter that he thinks this fact supports the point made by Arthur Koestler in the same magazine that Zen can be used to justify the politics of the National Socialist German Workers' Party party.
Eugen Herrigel was an active member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party organization Militant League for German Culture.
Writings
In 1936 he published a 20-page article describing his experiences en*led "Die Ritterliche Kunst des Bogenschiessens" (The Knightly Art of Archery) in the journal, Zeitschrift für *anologie. This later formed the core of his most famous work Zen in the Art of Archery. In the book, Herrigel only briefly mentions the Master's name
Herrigel died in 1955. Among his papers were found voluminous notes on various aspects of Zen. These notes were selected and edited by Hermann Tausend in collaboration with Gusty L. Herrigel, the author's wife (who studied *anese flower arranging) and were published in German under the *le Der Zen-Weg. This version was revised and edited by Alan Watts in 1960 and published by Vintage Press as The Method of Zen.
Dispute
It has been claimed that Master Kenzô was neither a teacher nor an adherent of Zen Buddhism. After having read work by D.T. Suzuki in 1938, Herrigel claimed that Kenzô's teaching was actually Zen. Suzuki initially seemed to agree having written the introduction to the post-war edition of Herrigel's book, he later wrote that "Herrigel is trying to get to Zen, but he hasn't grasped Zen itself". Certain modern scholarship on Zen has come to regard Suzuki's own reading of Zen as idiosyncratic and not grounded in traditions of Zen. Supposedly, what distinguishes the approach of Suzuki, Herrigel, and Master Kenzô himself is the way they developed the Taoist features of the tradition.
However, the book Zen Arrow, Zen Bow: The Life and Teaching of Awa Kenzo refutes these interpretations and in fact reproduces a photograph of a calligraphy by Kenzo that reads "The Bow and Zen are One."
Volker Zotz revealed in his book on Buddhism and German Culture that Eugen Herrigel was a strong supporter of the National Socialist German Workers' Party party. For his involvement in National Socialist German Workers' Partysm he was forbidden to teach at the University for three years after 1945.