Gibraltarian politician

Sir Joshua Abraham H*an GBE KCMG LVO QC JP (21 August 1915 – 1 July 1997), nicknamed "Salvador" (Saviour), was a Gibraltarian politician, and first mayor and Chief Minister of Gibraltar, serving four terms as chief minister for a total of over 20 years. He is seen as the key figure in the civil rights movement in Gibraltar, and played a key role in the creation of the territory's ins*utions of self-government.

Contents

• 1 Early life
• 2 Career
  • 2.1 Chief minister of Gibraltar
  • 2.2 Mayor of Gibraltar
  • 2.3 Lawyer
• 3 Personal life
• 4 See also
• 5 Notes
• 6 References
• 7 External links

Early life

Born to a Sephardic Jewish family from Morocco and Menorca, he trained as a lawyer at Middle Temple and was called to the Bar of England and Wales in 1939. When World War II broke out, he volunteered as a gunner in the Gibraltar Defence Force and remained in Gibraltar when most of the civilian population had been evacuated and only a small number of Gibraltarians remained.

Career

Chief minister of Gibraltar

In September 1942, a group of fellow Gibraltarians, clerks and workers, led by trade-unionist Albert Risso, came together to form an *ociation advocating the return of the evacuees and the civil rights of the local inhabitants of Gibraltar. They asked H*an to join them. Initially named "The Gibraltarian *ociation", upon H*an's advice, the group took a much more ambitious name: The *ociation for the Advancement of Civil Rights in Gibraltar (AACR). H*an was the vice-president of the party under the leadership of Risso. In 1948, H*an succeeded him as president and was the leader of the AACR and the dominant figure in the politics of the territory for almost thirty years.

In an election to the Gibraltar Legislative Council held on 19 September 1956, four of the seven winning candidates were from the AACR, H*an, Abraham Serfaty, Albert Risso, and J. E. Alcantara.

Further terms in office lasted from 11 August 1964 to 6 August 1969, and from 25 June 1972 to 8 December 1987. During the 1960s, H*an addressed the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization twice, opposing Spain's claim for Gibraltar and insisting that the vast majority of Gibraltarians wanted to remain British. He was one of the members of the 1968 Cons*utional Conference chaired by Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd, which drafted the Gibraltar's first Cons*ution. H*an only lost one election, the 1969 election, when the AACR failed to win a majority by just one seat, as it only obtained seven of the fifteen seats of the House. The Integration with Britain Party (IWBP, supporter of the integration of Gibraltar into the United Kingdom) gained support from the independent members of the House of *embly and its leader Robert Peliza became Chief Minister and remained so for three years. H*an was returned to office in 1972. He resigned without completing his term as Chief Minister in 1987 after an agreement on the shared use of Gibraltar Airport was signed by Spain and the United Kingdom, citing personal reasons. He was succeeded by the then Deputy Chief Minister, Adolfo Canepa. However, Canepa lost the 1988 election to Joe Bossano of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP) and the AACR disbanded shortly afterwards. Bossano was one of H*an's main critics, accusing him of being too conciliatory towards the British Government.

Mayor of Gibraltar

Before the creation of the post of chief minister in 1964, H*an had served as a member of the Gibraltar Executive Council (1950–64), as mayor of Gibraltar (1945–1950, 1953–1969; until 1955 the name of the *le was chair of the City Council), and as the chief member of the Legislative Council (1950–64).

He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1963 and was therefore styled "Sir" since then. H*an's Triumphant Return to Gibraltar in 1963 when he and Peter Isola were cheered by crowds in John Mackintosh Square has been recorded in a commissioned painting by Ambrose Avellano.

Lawyer

H*an was also a successful lawyer and his chambers, H*ans International Law Firm, is now the largest in Gibraltar.

Personal life

In 1945 H*an married Daniela Salazar a Spanish national, with whom he had two daughters before divorcing in 1969. In 1969, he married Marcelle Bensimon, a Moroccan Jew, with whom he fathered a further two daughters. Fleur H*an-Nahoum is an Israeli politician who has served as on the Jerusalem City Council and as the city's deputy mayor. Marlene H*an Nahon is a Gibraltarian historian, journalist and politician, serving as a member of the Gibraltar Parliament since 2015.

Sir Joshua died in his sleep at the age of 81 on 1 July 1997 at Old St. Bernard's Hospital, after having been admitted the previous day complaining of back pains.According to Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar at the time of H*an's death:

"No one has done more to establish and promote the iden*y and maintain the rights of the people of Gibraltar."

In 1997, a special stamp was issued by the Gibraltar Philatelic Bureau to pay tribute to Sir Joshua H*an.

See also

• List of Gibraltarians
• Politics of Gibraltar

Notes

References

• Stephen Constantine (2009). Community and iden*y. The making of modern Gibraltar since 1704. Manchester University Press. ISBN:978-0-7190-8054-8.

External links

• The Struggle for Democracy by TJ Finlayson, Published in The Gibraltar Chronicle

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