In this *anese name, the surname is Hayashi.

Count Hayashi Tadasu, GCVO (林 董, 11 April 1850:– 10 July 1913) was a *anese career diplomat and cabinet minister of Meiji-era *an.

Contents

• 1 Early life
• 2 Government officer
• 3 Political career
• 4 Honors
  • 4.1 *les
  • 4.2 Decorations
  • 4.3 Honorary degrees
  • 4.4 Order of precedence
• 5 See also
• 6 References
• 7 External links
• 8 Notes

Early life

He was born Satō Shingoro in Sakura city, Shimōsa Province (present-day Chiba prefecture), as the son of Satō Taizen, a physician practising "Dutch medicine" for the Sakura Domain. He sometimes referred to himself as "Satō Tosaburō". He was adopted as a child by Hayashi Dokai, a physician in the service of the Tokugawa shogunate, from whom he received the name Hayashi Tadasu. He learned English at the Hepburn Academy (the forerunner of Meiji Gakuin University) in Yokohama .

From 1866 to 1868, Hayashi studied in Great Britain at University College School and King's College London as one of fourteen young *anese students (including Kikuchi Dairoku) sent by the Tokugawa government on the advice of the then British foreign minister Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby.

Hayashi returned home in the midst of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, and joined with Tokugawa loyalists led by Enomoto Takeaki, whom he accompanied to Hokkaidō with the remnants of the Shogunate Army and its Navy. He was captured by the Imperial forces after the final defeat of the Republic of Ezo at the Battle of Hakodate and imprisoned in Yokohama.

Released in 1871 by Kanagawa governor Mutsu Munemitsu, he was recruited to work for the Meiji government in 1871, and because of his language abilities and previous overseas experience was selected to accompany the Iwakura Mission to Europe and the United States in 1871–1873.

Government officer

Being a member of the Iwakura Mission in the Britain, he was instructed by Yamao Yozo to arrange appointment of the teaching staff for the Engineering Ins*ution (*an) in the end of 1872. He returned home with the staff lead by Henry Dyer as the principal, and endeavoured to set up the Imperial College of Engineering, Tokyo as an officer of the Engineering Ins*ution of the Ministry of Public Works.

In 1875 he married Gamo Misao (1858 – 1942). They had a daughter and a son, Kiku and Masanosuke.

Political career

After the Ministry of Public Works was abolished, he moved to the Ministry of Post and Telecommunication, then was appointed governor of Kagawa Prefecture, and then of Hyōgo Prefecture. In 1891, he was appointed Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs. He was elevated to the *le of baron (danshaku) in the kazoku peerage in 1895.

Hayashi was appointed as resident minister to the court of Qing dynasty China at the *anese legation in Beijing, then resident minister to Russia in St Petersburg, and finally resident minister to Great Britain. While serving in London from 1900, he worked to successfully conclude the Anglo-*anese Alliance and signed on behalf of the government of *an on 30 January 1902. He was elevated to the *le of viscount (shishaku) in February 1902.

Countess Hayashi, photographed 17 March 1902

On 2 December 1905 Hayashi became the first *anese amb*ador to the Court of St James's, as diplomatic relations were upgraded between the Empire of *an and the British Empire. He was accompanied by his wife. At that time Sir Claude MacDonald was Hayashi's opposite number in Tokyo.

On becoming Foreign Minister in the first Saionji cabinet in 1906, Hayashi concluded agreements with France (the Franco-*anese Agreement of 1907) and Russia (the Russo-*anese Agreement of 1907 and Russo-*anese Agreement of 1910). He served as Minister of Communications in the second Saionji cabinet and as interim Foreign Minister (1911–12). He was elevated to the *le of count (hakushaku) in 1907.

On contracting diabetes, Hayashi retired in 1912, and in June 1913 he fractured his thigh in an accident, resulting in an amputation. Hayashi died a month later, and his grave is at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo.

Honors

*les

• Baron (31 October 1895)
• Viscount (27 February 1902)
• Count (14 September 1907)

Decorations

• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (31 October 1895)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (27 December 1899)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (1 April 1906)
• Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) (4 July 1905)

Honorary degrees

• LL.D. (honorary) University of Cambridge – May 1902
• D.C.L. (honorary) University of Oxford – June 1902

Order of precedence

• Third rank (21 July 1901)
• Senior third rank (May 1910)

See also

• *an–United Kingdom relations
• Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne – who signed the Anglo-*anese alliance of 30 January 1902 for Britain when Hayashi signed for *an
• *anese students in the United Kingdom
• Kikuchi Dairoku
• Imperial Rescript on Education

References

• The Secret Memoirs of Count Hayashi Tadasu, edited by A.M. Pooley, 1915, reprinted 2002 ISBN:1-4039-0334-4
• Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-*anese War. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN:0-8108-4927-5.

External links

• Portrait of Hayashi Tadasu on the website of the National Diet Library, Tokyo
• "Hayashi, Tadasu":. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th:ed.). 1911.

Notes