In this Chinese name, the family name is Xu.

Xu Da (1332–1385), courtesy name Tiande, was a Chinese military general and politician who lived in the late Yuan dynasty and early Ming dynasty. He was a friend of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder and first ruler of the Ming dynasty, and *isted him in overthrowing the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and establishing the Ming dynasty. He was also the father of Empress Xu, who married the third Ming ruler, the Yongle Emperor.

Contents

• 1 Biography
• 2 Family
• 3 Ancestry
• 4 In fiction
• 5 References

Biography

Xu Da was described as a stalwart man with slim face and high cheekbones, he joined the Red Turban rebels in 1353 to overthrow the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in China. Xu served as a general under Zhu Yuanzhang, a prominent rebel leader, and *isted him in defeating other rival warlords and opposing forces. In 1368, the year when the Ming dynasty was founded, Xu Da and other Ming generals led an attack on Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing), the Yuan capital, and forced the last Yuan ruler, Toghon Temür, to flee northward.

Xu Da led a pursuit on the retreating Yuan forces and encountered Taejo of Joseon, the founder of the Korean Joseon dynasty, who was ordered by the Mongols to attack the Ming army. Xu Da's presence struck fear into the Korean generals, who in turn, allied themselves with the Ming forces instead. Afterwards, Xu Da's army entered Mongol territory, routed Mongol reinforcements, sacked the Mongol capital at Karakorum, and captured thousands of Mongol nobles in 1370. His army ventured to Transbaikalia and reached further north than any other Chinese army had ever before.

Xu Da died in 1385 under mysterious cir*stances. He was not accused of plotting an **ination on the Hongwu Emperor – although many other generals who contributed heavily to the founding of the Ming dynasty were put to death by the emperor for allegedly plotting rebellions. According to legend, Xu Da was allergic to goose, so the Hongwu Emperor sent him a goose dish and ordered the emissary to ensure that Xu ate it and died. This statement is not a fact, but a rumor. Xu Da died of natural illness. His family was still very prominent in the Ming dynasty.

Family

Wives and Issue:

• Lady, of the Zhang clan (張氏)
• Lady, of the Xie clan (謝氏), daughter of Xie Zaixing (謝再興)
  • Xu Huizu (徐輝祖; 1368–1407), first son
  • Xu Zengshou (徐增壽; d. 1402), third son
  • Empress Renxiaowen (仁孝文皇后; 5 March 1362 – 6 August 1407), first daughter
• Lady, of the Sun clan (孫氏)
  • Xu Yingxu (徐膺緒; 1372 – 2 March 1416), fourth son
• Lady, of the Jia clan (賈氏)
  • Fourth daughter
• Unknown:
  • Xu Tianfu (徐添福), second son, died young
  • Lady Xu, Primary consort of Zhu Gui, Prince of Dai (代王朱桂妃 徐氏; d. 1427), second daughter (had 3 sons)
  • Lady Xu, Primary consort of Zhu Ying, Prince of An (安王朱楹妃 徐氏; d. 1449), third daughter

Ancestry

In fiction

See also: List of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber characters

Xu Da appears as a minor character in Louis Cha's wuxia novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber. As a member of the anti-Yuan Ming Cult, Xu Da participated actively in the rebellions to overthrow the Yuan dynasty under the leadership of Zhang Wuji. Zhang p*es Xu the Book of Wumu, a text on military strategy written by the Song dynasty general Yue Fei. Xu benefits greatly from reading the book, becomes a brilliant military commander, and *ists Zhu Yuanzhang in overthrowing the Yuan dynasty and establishing the Ming dynasty.

References