In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Aguilar and the second or maternal family name is Barquero.

Francisco Ramón de Jesús Aguilar Barquero (21 May 1857 – 11 October 1924) served as provisional President of Costa Rica for eight months between 1919 and 1920.

He was Governor of Cartago, Deputy for Limón (1888–1889), Secretary of War and Navy (1889), Deputy for Cartago (1890–1892), Deputy for San José (1912–1916) and Third Appointed to the Presidency (1914–1917).

His main achievement was successfully steering the country back to democratic normalcy after his predecessor's military dictatorship.

He was succeeded by Julio Acosta García.

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